Antiviral Activity of Lagenaria breviflora Roberts Fruit Against Canine Parvovirus in Embryonated Chicken Egg
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52331/v30i2728Keywords:
Canine Parvovirus, Embryonated Chicken Eggs, Inoculation, Lagenaria brevifloraAbstract
Lagenaria breviflora has been traditionally utilized as a natural remedy for various diseases including measles, smallpox, human chickenpox and Newcastle disease in poultry, as well as parasitic infections caused by Eimerias pp and Ascaridia galli. This study investigated the antiviral potential of L. breviflora fruit methanol extract against Canine Parvovirus using experimentally infected 10-day old embryonated chicken eggs. The eggs were apportioned to 11 groups (n=5) with Group 1 serving as control, while Group 2 remained inoculated with the virus only. Group 3 and 4 received only L. breviflora extract (25mg/ml and 50mg/ml), while Groups 5-11 were inoculated with the virus and graded concentrations of L. breviflora extract (1.5625mg/ml to 100mg/ml) respectively. Gross and histological changes were assessed 24h post-inoculation. The results revealed significant pathologies such as congealed mass of embryo tissue with disruption of membrane and neuronal layer arrangement, haemorrhage, distorted membranes and necrosis in the untreated infected embryos consistent with Canine Parvoviral infection. Embryos treated with the extract, particularly at concentrations of 3.125-12.5mg/ml, exhibited significantly reduced pathologies presented as slight haemorrhage and blood vessel congestion. Eggs inoculated with higher concentrations (25-100mg/ml) showed signs of toxicity reflected as severe congestion, degeneration and necrosis. This study therefore concluded that the methanol extract of L. breviflora fruit at low concentrations demonstrated antiviral activity against Canine Parvovirus, inhibiting virus growth and degenerative pathologies in embryonated chicken eggs. Concentrations >12.5mg/ml was embryotoxic.
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